The reading process
Effective readers develop an 'internal lexicon' of sight words that they recognise visually. This rapid word recognition allows them to concentrate on the meaning of what they read. When they come across an unfamiliar word, they may 'decode' it by using phonics, i.e. 'sounding it out'. They may also use their lexical knowledge of words (e.g. roots, suffixes and prefixes) to guess at the word. In addition, they may use context to help work out the word and check if their attempt is reasonable.

Handling dataⁱ (Access for All)
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Introduction
Numeracy involves a wide range of specific abilities, any of which may prove difficult for particular learners and affect their acquisition of skills. Some of the underlying knowledge and skills involved include the following:

giving digits/numbers meaning
understanding number concepts and relationship between numbers
interpreting mathematical information
short-term memory and ability to memorise
visual perceptual skills
ability to perceive and predict patterns

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Access for All - Numeracy Introduction
About Access for All > Access for All - Numeracy Introduction

Introduction
Numeracy involves a wide range of specific abilities, any of which may prove difficult for particular learners and affect their acquisition of skills. Some of the underlying knowledge and skills involved include the following:

giving digits/numbers meaning
understanding number concepts and relationship between numbers
interpreting mathematical information
short-term memory and ability to memorise

About Access for All

Skills for Lifeⁱ, the national strategy for improving adult literacy and numeracy skills, is one of the Government's highest priorities. As part of the drive to raise standards, we are improving the quality of literacy, language and numeracy provision so that all adult learners can be guaranteed good teaching and support, no matter what their starting points are or where their learning takes place.

A mechanical counting frame.
External Links:

Resourcesⁱ:
Abascus from Amazon.com
Teaching Activity Suggesttions

Entry 1
Levels > Entry 1

The national standards and level descriptors

Literacy
Speaking and listening
At this level, adults can

Listen and respond
to spoken language, including simple narratives, statements, questions and single-step instructions

Speak to communicate
basic information, feelings and opinions on familiar topics

Engage in discussion
with another person in a familiar situation about familiar topics

Reading
At this level, adults can